{"id":49938,"date":"2023-12-02T21:47:02","date_gmt":"2023-12-03T05:47:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/elaw.org\/?post_type=resource&#038;p=49938"},"modified":"2024-07-10T11:31:42","modified_gmt":"2024-07-10T19:31:42","slug":"mangrove-ecosystem-services-and-the-potential-for-carbon-revenue-programmes-in-solomon-islands","status":"publish","type":"resource","link":"https:\/\/elaw.org\/es\/resource\/mangrove-ecosystem-services-and-the-potential-for-carbon-revenue-programmes-in-solomon-islands","title":{"rendered":"Servicios ecosist\u00e9micos de manglares y potencial para programas de ingresos por carbono en las Islas Salom\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Study Number:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>25<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Author:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K. Warren-Rhodes, A.M. Schwarz, L. NG Boyle, J. Albert, S. S. Agalo, R. Warren, A. Bana, C. Paul, R. Kodosiku, W. Bosma, D. Yee, P. Ronnback, B. Crona and N. Duke<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mangroves are an imperilled biome whose protection and restoration through payments for ecosystem services (PES) can contribute to improved livelihoods, climate mitigation and adaptation. Interviews with resource users in three Solomon Islands villages suggest a strong reliance upon mangrove goods for subsistence and cash, particularly for firewood, food and building materials. Village-derived economic data indicates a minimum annual subsistence value from mangroves of US$ 345\u20131501 per household. Fish and nursery habitat and storm protection were widely recognized and highly valued mangrove ecosystem services. All villagers agreed that mangroves were under threat, with firewood over-harvesting considered the primary cause. Multivariate analyses revealed village affiliation and religious denomination as the most important factors determining the use and importance of mangrove goods. These factors, together with gender, affected users\u2019 awareness of ecosystem services. The importance placed on mangrove services did not differ significantly by village, religious denomination, gender, age, income, education or occupation. Mangrove ecosystem surveys are useful as tools for raising community awareness and input prior to design of PES systems. Land tenure and marine property rights, and how this complexity may both complicate and facilitate potential carbon credit programmes (<a href=\"\/mangroves-threats#climatechange\">Climate Change<\/a>) in the Pacific, are discussed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Main Results and Conclusions:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u201cIn Solomon Islands, both terrestrial and mangrove forests are key sources of rural goods and income and harbour high biodiversity, but are under considerable threat from commercial and subsistence activities. PES and carbon credit projects may prove a viable option for mitigating both rural poverty and climate change, yet the specific effects on local subsistence populations from altering the use of these ecosystems remain unknown\u201d(486).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Residents of Solomon island communities value the ecosystem services provided by mangrove habitat: Among the 30 types of mangrove goods identi\ufb01ed (Table 2), nearly 75% were classi\ufb01ed as important or very important (\u226520% of users), including B. gymnorhiza propagules (\u2018fruit\u2019) for food, mangrove sticks for husking coconuts, building materials, \ufb01rewood and \ufb01sh (Figs 2 and 3a)\u201d(489).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>There is a major economic incentive to preserve mangroves for natural ecosystem goods and services: \u201cAlthough marked differences among villages were found, in general users identi\ufb01ed \ufb01rewood, food (propagules) and building materials as the most important direct bene\ufb01ts from mangroves. Initial economic data suggested a minimum annual subsistence value from these goods of SBD$ 2500\u201310 718 household\u22121 yr\u22121, which represented 38\u2013160% of annual cash incomes. Mangrove-derived \ufb01sh and invertebrates added SBD$ 5500\u201312 100 household\u22121 yr\u22121 in household subsistence and cash income\u201d(492).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Key threats: \u201cLocal users perceived the key threats to mangrove forests as overharvesting for \ufb01rewood and timber, and damage from natural disasters\u201d(493).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Awareness of villagers regarding the importance of mangroves is extensive: \u201cOur study results also con\ufb01rmed that local ecological knowledge (Aswani &amp; Hamilton 2004; Crona 2006) of mangroves and their function exists in Solomon Islands. Over 90% of users were aware of \ufb01sh habitat\/nursery and protection services, while 80% recognized the complex linkages between mangrove \ufb01sheries and coral reefs (Larsson&nbsp;<em>et al<\/em>. 1994; Ogden 1997). About 60% of villagers understood mangroves\u2019 central role in water quality and biodiversity, and over 50% mentioned other services relating to air quality and local climate\u201d(493).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Recommendations for sustainable mangrove resource use is as follows: \u201cSustainable harvesting, effective traditional management and protection were measures recommended by villagers as necessary to ensure the availability of mangrove goods and services for future generations\u201d(493).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Communities can provide insight into ecosystem management planning: \u201cOur study results demonstrated the utility of conducting mangrove ecosystem surveys prior to the design of PES and carbon systems and as a \ufb01rst step in formal communication and consultation processes with communities\u201d(494).<br>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Works Cited:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aswani, S. &amp; Hamilton, R. (2004) Integrating indigenous ecological knowledge and customary sea tenure with marine and social science for conservation of bumphead parrot\ufb01sh (Bolbometopon muricatum) in the Roviana Lagoon, Solomon Islands. Environmental Conservation 31: 69\u201383.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Weiant, P. &amp; Aswani, S. (2006) Early effects of a community-based marine protected area on the food security of participating households. SPC Traditional Marine Resource Management and Knowledge Information Bulletin, no. 19 [www document]. URL:<br><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/gcb.14043\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/gcb.14043<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Study Number: 25 Author: K. Warren-Rhodes, A.M. Schwarz, L. NG Boyle, J. Albert, S. S. Agalo, R. Warren, A. Bana, C. Paul, R. Kodosiku, W. Bosma, D. Yee, P. Ronnback, B. Crona and N. Duke Abstract: Mangroves are an imperilled biome whose protection and restoration through payments for ecosystem services (PES) can contribute to improved [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","resource-topic":[158,57,58,54,68,160,44,183,97,1988,100],"resource-type":[],"resource-category":[30098],"content-for-websites":[30104],"region":[540,660],"class_list":["post-49938","resource","type-resource","status-publish","hentry","resource-topic-coastal-zone-management","resource-topic-economics","resource-topic-ecosystem-services","resource-topic-financial-liability","resource-topic-fisheries","resource-topic-mangroves","resource-topic-marine-and-coastal","resource-topic-natural-resources-damages","resource-topic-public-participation","resource-topic-social-cost-of-carbon","resource-topic-sustainable-development","resource-category-scientific","content-for-websites-mangroves","region-pacific","region-solomon-islands"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/elaw.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource\/49938","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/elaw.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/elaw.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/resource"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elaw.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elaw.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49938"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/elaw.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49938"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"resource-topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elaw.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource-topic?post=49938"},{"taxonomy":"resource-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elaw.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource-type?post=49938"},{"taxonomy":"resource-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elaw.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource-category?post=49938"},{"taxonomy":"content-for-websites","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elaw.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content-for-websites?post=49938"},{"taxonomy":"region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elaw.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/region?post=49938"}],"curies":[{"name":"gracias","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}