{"id":34660,"date":"2023-07-14T12:15:25","date_gmt":"2023-07-14T20:15:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/elaw.org\/?page_id=34660"},"modified":"2024-12-09T10:15:37","modified_gmt":"2024-12-09T18:15:37","slug":"mangroves","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/elaw.org\/es\/mangroves","title":{"rendered":"Ley y ciencia de los manglares"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull generichero\" style=\"margin-top:0\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-palette-color-1-background-color has-background-dim-30 has-background-dim\"><\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1397\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-34529\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/elaw.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/MangrovesHero-scaled.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elaw.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/MangrovesHero-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/elaw.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/MangrovesHero-336x183.jpg 336w, https:\/\/elaw.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/MangrovesHero-771x421.jpg 771w, https:\/\/elaw.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/MangrovesHero-768x419.jpg 768w, https:\/\/elaw.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/MangrovesHero-1536x838.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/elaw.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/MangrovesHero-2048x1118.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/elaw.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/MangrovesHero-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color\">Mangrove Law &amp; Science<\/h1>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns subsitemain is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column subsitenavcol is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-right-width:1px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"align wp-block-ocb-offcanvas\" id='ocbOffCanvas-2' data-props='{&quot;attributes&quot;:{&quot;cId&quot;:&quot;b81a493b-d&quot;,&quot;btnText&quot;:&quot;Menu&quot;,&quot;btnTypo&quot;:{&quot;fontSize&quot;:15,&quot;fontWeight&quot;:600,&quot;styles&quot;:&quot;font-weight: 600; font-size: 15px; line-height: 135%;&quot;,&quot;googleFontLink&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;btnColors&quot;:{&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#fff&quot;,&quot;bg&quot;:&quot;#4527a4&quot;,&quot;bgType&quot;:&quot;solid&quot;,&quot;gradient&quot;:&quot;linear-gradient(135deg, #4527a4, #8344c5)&quot;,&quot;styles&quot;:&quot;color: #fff; background: 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0, 0)&quot;},&quot;opacity&quot;:0.1,&quot;blur&quot;:0},&quot;closeBtn&quot;:{&quot;bg&quot;:&quot;#0000&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:16,&quot;position&quot;:&quot;top-right&quot;,&quot;shadow&quot;:[{&quot;hOffset&quot;:&quot;0px&quot;,&quot;vOffset&quot;:&quot;0px&quot;,&quot;blur&quot;:&quot;0px&quot;,&quot;spread&quot;:&quot;0px&quot;,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16)&quot;,&quot;isInset&quot;:false}]}},&quot;TrpContentRestriction&quot;:{&quot;restriction_type&quot;:&quot;exclude&quot;,&quot;selected_languages&quot;:[],&quot;panel_open&quot;:true}},&quot;content&quot;:&quot;\\n\\n&lt;ul class=\\&quot;wp-block-list\\&quot;&gt;\\n&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=\\&quot;#introduction\\&quot;&gt;Introduction&lt;\\\/a&gt;&lt;\\\/li&gt;\\n&lt;\\\/ul&gt;\\n\\n\\n\\n&lt;div class=\\&quot;wp-block-columns librarycta is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-e761e23f wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\\&quot; id=\\&quot;librarycta\\&quot; style=\\&quot;padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\\&quot;&gt;\\n&lt;div class=\\&quot;wp-block-column has-palette-color-6-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\\&quot; style=\\&quot;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\\&quot;&gt;\\n&lt;h5 class=\\&quot;wp-block-heading has-palette-color-1-color has-text-color\\&quot;&gt;Mangrove Resource Library&lt;\\\/h5&gt;\\n\\n\\n\\n&lt;p class=\\&quot;wp-block-paragraph\\&quot;&gt;Directory of Select Mangroves Laws&lt;\\\/p&gt;\\n\\n\\n\\n&lt;div class=\\&quot;wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\\&quot;&gt;\\n&lt;div class=\\&quot;wp-block-button is-style-primary-button\\&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=\\&quot;wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\\&quot; href=\\&quot;\\\/select-mangroves-laws\\\/\\&quot;&gt;Select Mangrove Laws&lt;\\\/a&gt;&lt;\\\/div&gt;\\n&lt;\\\/div&gt;\\n&lt;\\\/div&gt;\\n&lt;\\\/div&gt;\\n\\n&quot;}'><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" id=\"subsitemenu\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#mangrovelawintroduction\">Mangrove Law Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#mangrovescienceintroduction\">Mangrove Science Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns librarycta is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-e761e23f wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" id=\"librarycta\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-palette-color-6-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-palette-color-1-color has-text-color\">Mangrove Resource Libraries<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Directory of Select Mangroves Laws<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-primary-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"\/select-mangroves-laws\/\">Select Mangrove Laws<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mangrove Science Database<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-primary-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"\/mangroves-science-cases\/\">Search the Studies<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-primary-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"\/mangroves-threats\">Threats to Mangroves<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-columns stk-block-columns stk-block stk-9f80ac6\" data-block-id=\"9f80ac6\"><div class=\"stk-row stk-inner-blocks stk-block-content stk-content-align stk-9f80ac6-column\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-column stk-block stk-1f3c304\" data-v=\"4\" data-block-id=\"1f3c304\"><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-1f3c304-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-1f3c304-inner-blocks\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column subsitemaincontent is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" id=\"introduction\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns subsitetopicheader is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center subsitetopicheader-inner is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" id=\"mangrovelawintroduction\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Mangrove Law Introduction<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>ELAW is pleased to present a selection of laws and policies that regulate mangroves, their use, protection, and conservation around the world.<\/p>\n<p>Mangroves are distributed in the coastal zone of 123 countries, providing important habitat for marine and coastal species, and protecting coastal communities and nearby ecosystems and fauna. These beautiful trees must be protected, but they are at risk due to unsustainable coastal development and pollution. Mangroves provide important ecosystem services, but it has been a great challenge, at the global level, to regulate their protection and sustainable use.<\/p>\n<p>Mangroves are a forest species, distributed in floodplain coastal areas. They have been recognized as priority areas for conservation because they provide breeding grounds and refuge for fish, migratory birds, and other fauna. This species has great value as a climate regulator because they are important carbon sinks, in addition to generating stability in the soil and being a barrier against erosion and hurricanes.<\/p>\n<p>Mangroves compete for territory due to urban development, tourism, shrimp farms, and other economic activities. This has caused a significant loss of mangroves around the world, which has prompted many governments to raise the level of protection of this species in their respective legal frameworks.<\/p>\n<p>Mangroves are regulated with different tools around the world. Some countries have specific regulations for their use as a forest species, while others apply specific restrictions when they are declared Ramsar sites or recognized as Natural Protected Areas. Some countries have even recognized the importance of mangroves as they relate to food, protecting them in fisheries legal frameworks or criminalizing activities that may cause damage and\/or deterioration to mangroves.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" id=\"introduction\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns subsitetopicheader is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center subsitetopicheader-inner is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" id=\"mangrovescienceintroduction\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Mangrove Science Introduction<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Welcome to the Mangrove Science Database, a global resource for lawyers and other professionals who are interested in the value of mangroves and their conservation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A Case for Mangroves<\/strong><br \/>The approximately 70 distinct species of mangroves in the world cover roughly 17,000,000 hectares globally (Valiela\u00a0<em>et al<\/em>.\u00a0 2001) &#8211; only 0.12 percent of the Earth\u2019s surface (Sullivan 2005, Ellison 2008).\u00a0 The greatest diversity is in Southeast Asia (36-46 species); the lowest diversity is in the United States and the Middle East (1-3 species) (Polidoro\u00a0<em>et al<\/em>.\u00a0 2010).\u00a0 Mangroves are being cut down or otherwise destroyed at such a high rate that they may be functionally extinct by 2100 (Duke\u00a0<em>et al<\/em>.\u00a0 2007).\u00a0 In just the last 50 years, 30-50 percent of the global acreage has been lost.\u00a0 (Alongi 2002, Duke\u00a0<em>et al<\/em>. 2007)\u00a0 Mangroves are among the most valuable and most threatened ecosystems on Earth.\u00a0 The ecosystems services they provide\u2014e.g., buffering coastal communities against flooding and storms, fiber production, habitat for thousands of species of birds, mammals and marine species\u2014are estimated to be worth US $1.6 billion dollars\/year (Polidoro\u00a0<em>et al<\/em>.\u00a0 2010).\u00a0 In addition, recent evidence suggests that mangroves sequester carbon more effectively than any other tropical forest (Donato\u00a0<em>et al<\/em>.\u00a0 2011).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Description<\/strong><br \/>The Mangrove Science Database includes summaries of more than 65 of the most influential scientific articles from the last 20 years on threats to mangroves and their value as irreplaceable ecosystems.\u00a0 Articles are filtered by topic and by region &amp; country. The Database also includes brief summaries of the state of the scientific knowledge of the major threats to mangroves.\u00a0 We will keep the database updated as the state of the scientific knowledge changes.\u00a0 If you know of an important paper, please bring it to our attention (contact information below).<\/p>\n<p>For inquiries about the information in the database or to suggest new papers please contact Dr. Melissa Garren:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-fe0a7de2 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-primary-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-text-align-center wp-element-button\" href=\"mailto: melissa@elaw.org\">Email<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>References<\/strong><br \/>Alongi, D.\u00a0 M.\u00a0 2002.\u00a0 Present state and future of the world\u2019s mangrove forests.\u00a0 Environmental Conservation 29: 331\u2013349.<\/p>\n<p>Donato, D.\u00a0 C., J.\u00a0 B.\u00a0 Kauffman, D.\u00a0 Murdiyarso, S.\u00a0 Kurnianto, M.\u00a0 Stidham, and M.\u00a0 Kanninen.\u00a0 2011.\u00a0 Mangroves among the most carbon-rich forests in the tropics.\u00a0 Nature Geoscience 4: 293-297.<\/p>\n<p>Duke, N.\u00a0 C., J.-O.\u00a0 Meynecke, S.\u00a0 Dittmann, A.\u00a0 M.\u00a0 Ellison, K.\u00a0 Anger, U.\u00a0 Berger, S.\u00a0 Cannicci, K.\u00a0 Diele, K.\u00a0 C.\u00a0 Ewel, C.\u00a0 D.\u00a0 Field, N.\u00a0 Koedam, S.\u00a0 Y.\u00a0 Lee, C.\u00a0 Marchand, I.\u00a0 Nordhaus, and F.\u00a0 Dahdouh-Guebas. 2007.\u00a0 A world without mangroves?\u00a0 Science 317: 41\u201342.<\/p>\n<p>Polidoro, B.\u00a0 A., K.\u00a0 E.\u00a0 Carpenter, L.\u00a0 Collins, N.\u00a0 C.\u00a0 Duke, A.\u00a0 M.\u00a0 Ellison, J.\u00a0 C.\u00a0 Ellison, E.\u00a0 J.\u00a0 Farnsworth, E.\u00a0 S.\u00a0 Fernando, K.\u00a0 Kathiresan, N.\u00a0 E.\u00a0 Koedam, S.\u00a0 R.\u00a0 Livingstone, T.\u00a0 Miyagi, G.\u00a0 E.\u00a0 Moore, N.\u00a0 N.\u00a0 Vien, J.\u00a0 E.\u00a0 Ong, J.\u00a0 H.\u00a0 Primavera, S.\u00a0 G.\u00a0 Salmo, J.\u00a0 C.\u00a0 Sanciangco, S.\u00a0 Sukardjo, Y.\u00a0 M.\u00a0 Wang, and J.\u00a0 W.\u00a0 H.\u00a0 Yong.\u00a0 2010.\u00a0 The loss of species: Mangrove extinction risk and geographic areas of global concern.\u00a0 PLoS ONE 5(4): e10095.\u00a0 10.1371\/journal.pone.0010095.<\/p>\n<p>Valiela I, J.\u00a0 L.\u00a0 Bowen, and J.\u00a0 K.\u00a0 York.\u00a0 2001.\u00a0 Mangrove forests: One of the world\u2019s threatened major tropical environments.\u00a0 BioScience 51: 807\u2013815.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide anothersubsitecta is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center anothersubsitecta-inner is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-0 has-background-dim\"><\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"500\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-34662\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/elaw.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ClimateSubsiteCTA.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elaw.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ClimateSubsiteCTA.jpg 700w, https:\/\/elaw.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ClimateSubsiteCTA-336x240.jpg 336w, https:\/\/elaw.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ClimateSubsiteCTA-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center anothersubsitecta-rightcol is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\">Climate Law<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\">The damage that humans are doing to the global climate may be one of the gravest injustices of all time. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-primary-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"\/climate\/\">View Subsite<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mangrove Resource Libraries Directory of Select Mangroves Laws Mangrove Science Database Mangrove Law Introduction ELAW is pleased to present a selection of laws and policies that regulate mangroves, their use, protection, and conservation around the world. Mangroves are distributed in the coastal zone of 123 countries, providing important habitat for marine and coastal species, and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-34660","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/elaw.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/34660","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/elaw.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/elaw.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elaw.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elaw.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34660"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/elaw.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/34660\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":56055,"href":"https:\/\/elaw.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/34660\/revisions\/56055"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/elaw.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34660"}],"curies":[{"name":"gracias","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}